DevOps is one of the
most desirable buzzwords in tech, but it’s much more than just buzz. It is a
coalition between the development and operations teams to deliver the product
faster and more efficiently. The past few years have seen massive job openings
for DevOps engineers. Multinational companies like Google, Facebook, and Amazon
often have several open positions for expert DevOps engineers. Nevertheless,
the job market is highly competitive, and DevOps engineer interview questions
can cover many challenging topics.
To crack the DevOps interview, you should familiarize yourself with the following
topics:
” Software development life cycle Automation
processes
” Configuration management
” Implementation systems and deployment
strategies
” Monitoring and logging systems on AWS
” Automate operational processes
” Disaster Recovery for data recovery
If you’ve started
preparing for development and operations roles in the IT industry, you know
that it’s a challenging field that will require some preparation before you get
into it. Here are some of the most asked DevOps
interview questions and answers to help you prepare for DevOps roles in the
industry.
In this blog, we will
see some top DevOps interview questions.
1. Explain what DevOps is.
It is a newly
emerging concept in the field of IT. It is nothing but a practice that
emphasizes the collaboration and communication of both the software developers
and the deployment (operations) team. It focuses on delivering software
products faster and reducing the error rate of releases.
2. What are the key aspects or principles of DevOps?
The key aspects or
principles of DevOps are
Infrastructure as
code
Continuous deployment
Automation
Tracking
Safety
3. List three important DevOps KPIs.
The three important
KPIs are as follows:
Failure Recovery Meantime: This is the average failure recovery time.
Deployment Frequency: The frequency at which deployment occurs.
Deployment Failure Percentage: The number of deployment failures.
4. Explain the term “Infrastructure as Code” (IaC) related to configuration management.
” Writing code for configuration management,
deployment, and automatic provisioning.
” Work data centers with machine-readable
definition files rather than physical hardware configuration.
” Ensure all your servers and other
infrastructure components are provisioned consistently and effortlessly.
” Cloud computing environment management, also
known as infrastructure as a service (IaaS).
5. How is IaC implemented using AWS?
Start by talking about
the ancient mechanisms of writing commands to script files and testing them in
another environment before deploying and how Ian is replacing that approach.
Similar to code written for other services, with the help of AWS, IaC allows
developers to write, test, and descriptively maintain infrastructure entities
using formats such as JSON or YAML. This allows for easier development and
faster deployment of infrastructure changes.
6. Explain how DevOps is useful for developers?
DevOps can be helpful
for developers to fix bugs and implement new features quickly. It also helps to
make communication between team members more transparent.
7. Name some famous tools for DevOps?
Some of the famous
tools for DevOps are
” Jenkins
” Nagios
” Prompt
” ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)
” Jenkins
” Docker
” Ansible
” Git
8. State in which case you used SSH?
I used SSH to log in
to the remote computer and work on the command line. In addition, I also used
it to tunnel into the system to facilitate secure encrypted communication
between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network.
9. Explain how you would endure revision (version) control?
My revision control
approach would be publishing the code on SourceForge or GitHub for anyone to
view. I will also post the checklist from the last revision to ensure any
outstanding issues are resolved.
10. What is automation testing?
Automation Testing is
the method of automating a manual procedure for testing an application or
system. Automation testing involves using independent testing tools that allow
you to develop test scripts that can be run repeatedly without human
interaction.
11. What are the advantages of automated testing?
Some of the benefits
of automated testing are:
” It helps to save money and time.
” Unmanned design can be done quickly.
” Huge test matrices can be easily tested.
” Parallel execution is allowed.
” Reduction of human error resulting in
increased accuracy.
” Repeated performance of test jobs is
supported.
12. What are the types of HTTP requests?
HTTP request types
are:
” GET
” HEAD
” GIVE
” POST
” PATCH
” DELETE
” TRACK
” CONNECT
” OPTIONS
13. Why do you need continuous integration of development and testing?
Continuous
integration of development and testing improves software quality and reduces
time to delivery by replacing traditional testing practices after all action is
complete. It allows the development team to detect and localize problems early
because developers need to integrate code into the shared repository many times
a day (more often). Each check-in is then automatically tested.
14. What are the success factors of continuous integration?
Here are some
requirements of continuous integration that are necessary for success:
” Maintain a code repository
” Automate construction
” Run a build self-test
” Everyone commits to a baseline every day.
” Each commitment (to the baseline) should be
made.
” Keep the body fast.
” Test in a clone of the production environment
” Make it easy to get the latest output.
” Everyone can see the results of the newest
form.
” Automate deployment
15. When should we use Selenium Grid?
It can be used to run
the same or different test scripts on multiple platforms and browsers
simultaneously to achieve distributed test execution. It allows testing in
different environments, which significantly saves execution time.
16. Describe the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit().
The driver.close
command closes the selected browser window. However, the driver.quit calls the
driver.dispose method, closes all browser windows, and terminates the WebDriver
session.
17. How do you secure Jenkins?
Jenkins can be
secured in many ways some are as follows:
” Make sure global security is turned on
” Check that Jenkins is integrated with the
company user directory using the appropriate plugin
” Make sure the project matrix is ??enabled to
fine-tune the approach
” Automate the process of setting rights or
permissions in Jenkins with a custom version-controlled script
” Restrict physical access to Jenkins data or
folders
” Conduct regular security audits
18. What do you mean by “Infrastructure as code”? How does this fit into the DevOps methodology? What goal does it achieve?
Infrastructure as
Code (IAC) is an IT infrastructure that operations teams can use to
automatically manage and deliver through code instead of a manual process.
For faster
deployment, companies treat infrastructures like software: as code that can be
managed using DevOps tools and processes. These tools make infrastructure
changes more accessible, faster, safer, and reliable.
19. How is a cookbook different from a recipe from a chef?
A recipe is a pack of
resources and especially configures a software package or some piece of
infrastructure. The cookbook packs recipes and other information more
effortlessly than if you only have recipes.
20. State the difference between Memcache and Memcached?
Memcache is an extension that
permits you to work through practical object-oriented (OOP) and procedural
interfaces. It is developed to reduce database load in dynamic web
applications.
Whereas Memcached is
an extension that uses the libmemcached library to provide an API for
communicating with Memcached servers. It enhances dynamic web applications by easing
the load on the database. It is the latest API.
21. Explain the blue/green deployment pattern
The blue/green color
pattern addresses the most critical challenges during automated deployment. You
must provide two identical production environments in a Blue/Green Deployment
approach. But only one of them is living in the moment. The LIVE environment is
called the blue environment.
When the team
prepares the next version of its software, it performs the final testing phase
in what is known as a green environment. After verification, the traffic is
directed to the Green environment.
22. What are containers?
Containers are from
lightweight virtualization. They offer isolation between processes.
23. What is a postmortem meeting regarding DevOps?
A postmortem meeting
is conducted to discuss what went wrong and what steps you need to take to
avoid failure.
24. What is the easiest method to build a small cloud?
VMfres is one of the
most effective options to create an IaaS cloud from Virtual Box virtual
machines in no time. However, Dokku is a good choice if you want a lightweight
PaaS because the bash script can be PaaS from Dokku containers.
25. What is a namespace in Kubernetes?
Namespaces are a
method to split cluster resources among multiple users in Kubernetes. In other
words, it’s helpful when different teams or users use the same cluster, which
can lead to potential name collisions.
26. What is kubectl?
By definition,
kubectl is a command-line interface for executing commands against Kubernetes
groups. Here ‘ctl’ stands for ‘control’. This “kubectl” command-line
interface can deploy applications, control and manage cluster resources, and
view logs.
27. What types of testing does Selenium support?
Selenium supports
regression testing and functional testing.
28. What are the prerequisites for installing Ansible 2.8 on Linux?
To install Ansible
2.8 on Linux, Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) must be enabled, and Python 3
must be installed on the remote nodes.
29. What is the role of configuration management in DevOps?
The significant
benefits of configuration management are listed below:
It allows us to
manage configurations on multiple systems.
It allows us to
standardize designs across all systems in the cluster.
It helps us manage
and manage multiple servers in an architecture.
30. What is the role of AWS in DevOps?
AWS in DevOps acts as
a cloud provider and has the following role in DevOps:
Flexible Services: AWS delivers us with ready-to-use resources for
implementation.
Scaling Purpose: We can put thousands of machines on AWS, relying on the
requirement.
Automation:
AWS helps us automate tasks using different services.
Security:
We can secure our deployments and builds using security options (IAM).
Winding up!
In this blog, we have
seen the 30 best interview questions for
DevOps. We hope this helps you in your learning.
