The IoT Academy Blog

What is Embedded C Programming – Structure and Differences

  • Written By The IoT Academy 

  • Published on April 5th, 2024

Embedded C programming is a special skill. Which is used to make tiny computers in many things we use every day. As well as appliances and cars. Learning about Embedded C, and how it’s made. Also, how it’s different from regular C is super important for people who want to work with these systems. In this embedded c tutorial guide, we’ll talk all about Embedded system C programming, how it’s set up as well as what makes it different from normal C.

What is Embedded C Programming?

Embedded C programming uses the C language to create software for embedded systems, small computers inside bigger devices. Also, Embedded C focuses on making fast and efficient code that talks directly to the hardware. Programmers must understand basic computer stuff, manage memory, and work in real-time. They have to make sure their programs run well with limited resources, are fast, reliable, and don’t use too much power. So the devices they’re in work smoothly.

Structure of Embedded C Program

Embedded C Programming starts with setting up important settings. Then it has a main function for the main tasks, Interrupt Service Routines (ISRs) for quick responses, access to hardware like sensors, and managing memory efficiently. Everything is designed to work well in embedded systems, focusing on saving resources, interacting with hardware, being fast, and optimizing. As well as this organized way of working ensures that embedded applications are developed effectively. Even with limited resources and specific needs. For this you have to know about the embedded c basics, so you can apply it wherever you want.

Embedded system C Programming Structure

#include <header_file.h> // Include necessary header files for the microcontroller and peripherals

// Define global variables and constants here

void setup(); // Function to initialize hardware peripherals

void loop(); // Function containing the main program logic

int main() {

setup(); // Call setup function to initialize hardware

while(1) {

loop(); // Call loop function repeatedly for main program logic

}

return 0;

}

void setup() {

// Initialize hardware peripherals (e.g., GPIO, UART, SPI, I2C)

// Configure pins, set up communication protocols, etc.

}

void loop() {

// Main program logic

// Read sensor data, process input, control outputs, etc.

}

 

Difference Between C and Embedded C Programming

C and Embedded C Language come from the same language C. But they are used in different situations and have some unique features. Here are the key differences between C and Embedded C:

1. Target Platform

  • C: C is a computer language we use to make different kinds of programs. It also works on lots of things like computers, servers, and phones.
  • Embedded C: Embedded c programming is a special kind of C language for programming tiny computers inside bigger machines. Also, these little computers, called embedded systems, have specific jobs to do within larger systems. Embedded C helps make the software that runs directly on these tiny computers, called microcontrollers. As well as other small embedded hardware.

2. Resource Constraints

  • C: When using regular C programming, developers might not have to worry as much about things. Like not having enough memory or not enough power to process things.
  • Embedded C: Embedded C programmers make their programs work with little resources. Like memory and processing power, embedded systems, don’t have much. So, they have to make sure their code is efficient and uses resources wisely.

3. Access to Hardware

  • C: Regular C doesn’t let you talk directly to the hardware like keyboards or screens. Instead, you usually have to use special programs or libraries to do that.
  • Embedded C: Embedded C lets programmers directly control things like buttons, lights, and other hardware parts without needing special programs. As well as they can set up and talk to these parts without using extra help from the operating system.

4. Real-time Constraints

  • C: In general-purpose C programming, real-time constraints are not always a primary concern. Applications may have soft real-time requirements or no real-time requirements at all.
  • Embedded C: Embedded systems often have strict real-time requirements, particularly in safety-critical or time-sensitive applications. Embedded C code must be designed and optimized to meet these real-time constraints, such as responding to interruptions or meeting deadlines for critical tasks.

5. Development Environment

  • C: C programs are typically developed using standard development environments and compilers suitable for desktop or server platforms.
  • Embedded C: Embedded C programming often requires specialized tools and compilers tailored for specific microcontroller architectures and development boards. Integrated development environments (IDEs) and debugging tools are commonly used in embedded C development to facilitate software-hardware interaction and debugging.

Best Embedded C Projects

Choosing the “best” embedded c programming projects can vary greatly depending on individual interests, skill levels, and project goals. However, here are some popular and interesting embedded c program examples for projects that you might consider:

  1. Weather Station: Build a weather station using sensors like temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors. Also, display the data on an LCD screen. Transmit it wirelessly to a computer for analysis.
  2. Home Automation System: Create a system to control home appliances such as lights, and fans. As well as air conditioners using embedded C. Incorporate features like remote control via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.
  3. Smart Thermostat: Design a smart thermostat that can regulate temperature based on user preferences and environmental conditions. Also, include features like scheduling and energy usage monitoring.
  4. GPS Tracker: Build a GPS tracking device that can track the location of objects or vehicles. Display the location data on an LCD screen or transmit it to a computer or mobile device.
  5. Robotics Projects: Develop various robotics projects such as line-following robots, obstacle avoidance robots, or robotic arms using embedded C programming.

Conclusion

In summary, while C and Embedded C share many similarities in syntax and structure, they serve different purposes and are used in different contexts. Embedded C is optimized for programming embedded systems with limited resources and real-time constraints, providing direct access to hardware peripherals and low-level system functions.

Embedded C programming is really important for people who make embedded systems. So, it’s crucial to know how it works differently from regular C programming to make things efficient. As well as by following this guide and trying out examples. People can get better at Embedded C and be a part of the cool world of embedded systems.

Frequently Asked Questions
Q. What is the salary of Embedded C fresher?

Ans. The salary of an Embedded C fresher depends on where they work. The company, what they studied, and any past jobs they’ve had. Usually, starting salaries are good, and with more experience, they can earn even more money.

Q. Is embedded C easy or tough?

Ans. Embedded C can be hard because it needs to be very efficient and work closely with hardware. But if you keep trying and learn about embedded systems, it gets easier. Even though it might be tough at first, getting good at Embedded C feels great. If you love working with embedded systems.

Q. Which software is used for embedded C programming?

Ans. Generally, Embedded C programmers use software tools like Keil µVision, Eclipse, and IAR Embedded Workbench. Also, these tools help them write and test code for embedded systems. By providing special features like writing code, finding errors, and simulating hardware. Which makes them popular among embedded C programmers.

About The Author:

The IoT Academy as a reputed ed-tech training institute is imparting online / Offline training in emerging technologies such as Data Science, Machine Learning, IoT, Deep Learning, and more. We believe in making revolutionary attempt in changing the course of making online education accessible and dynamic.

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